{"id":63,"date":"2019-10-22T19:37:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T11:37:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/?p=63"},"modified":"2021-01-19T15:31:49","modified_gmt":"2021-01-19T07:31:49","slug":"%e4%bb%a4%e4%ba%ba%e7%be%a1%e6%85%95%e4%b8%8d%e5%b7%b2%e7%9a%848%e4%b8%aanpm%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/?p=63","title":{"rendered":"\u4ee4\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u4e0d\u5df2\u76848\u4e2anpm\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684 npm \u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u65e5\u5e38\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>\u57fa\u672c\u7b80\u5199<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u65b0\u4eba\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5feb\u901f\u6d4f\u89c8\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7b80\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Installing a package:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u901a\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

npm install pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Installing a package globally:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i --global pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i -g pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Installing a package and save it as a dependency:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i --save pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i -S pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Installing a package and save it as a devDependency:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u901a\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i --save-dev pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm i -D pkg<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7b80\u5199\u8bf7\u770b\u5b98\u7f51\uff1ahttps:\/\/docs.npmjs.com\/misc\/config#shorthands-and-other-cli-niceties<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u542f\u6709\u8da3\u4e4b\u65c5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>1.Initializing a new package<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053 npm init ,\u662f\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2apackage\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"npm<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u70e6\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u907f\u514d\u5b83\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
npm init -y\n\nnpm init -f<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u6765\u89e3\u6551\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"3.gif\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>2.Running tests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u00a0npm test<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5929\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5929\u51e0\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0npm t<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>3.List available scripts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u624b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5f00\u59cb\u624b\u5934\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u81ea\u95ee\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u9879\u76ee\uff1f\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u811a\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u5230package.json\u6587\u4ef6\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u770b\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u00a0scripts<\/code>\u00a0\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0npm run<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u811a\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u00a0ntl<\/code>\uff08npm i -g ntl<\/code>\uff09,\u7136\u540e\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0ntl<\/code>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8fd0\u884c\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>4.List installed packages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u81ea\u95ee\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00package.json\u6587\u4ef6\u7136\u540e\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u00a0npm ls --depth 0<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5217\u51fa\u5168\u5c40\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684 -g<\/code> \u7684\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c npm ls -g --depth 0<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"11.gif\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>5.Running locally-installed executables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9644\u5e26\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7 npm script \u8fd0\u884c\u662f\u624d\u53ef\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u60ca\u5947\u4e3a\u4f55\uff1f\u6216\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u5b83\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4f55–\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7684 PATH<\/code> \u4e0b\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709paths\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u540c\u540d\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u5305\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u518c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5217\u5728 PATH<\/code> \u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u95ee\uff1a\u4e3a\u4f55\u5728\u901a\u8fc7 npm script \u5c31\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff1f\u597d\u95ee\u9898\uff01\u5f53\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0cnpm \u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684 PATH<\/code> \u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<project-directory>\/node_modules\/.bin\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c npm run env | grep \"$PATH\" <\/code>\u6765\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c npm run env<\/code>\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0cnpm \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0.\/node_modules\/.bin\/mocha<\/code>\u00a0\u6765\u5b9e\u9645\u770b\u770b\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1f\u65e0\u8bba\u4f55\u65f6\u4f60\u60f3\u8fd0\u884c\u672c\u5730\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6572\u5165 .\/node_modules\/.bin\/<command><\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>6.Find your package on the internet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u5728package.json\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed3\u5e93\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u60f3\u95ee\u6b64\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u529f\u80fd\uff1f \u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8fd0\u884c npm repo<\/code> \u5c31\u4f1a\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u8be5\u4ed3\u5e93\u5730\u5740\u3002 \u540c\u6837\u8fd0\u884c npm home<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u6253\u5f00 homepage<\/code>\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u3002 \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u5728 npmjs.com \u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5305\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d34\u5fc3\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a npm docs<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>7.Run scripts before and after other scripts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c pretest \u7684\u811a\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u5728\u8fd0\u884c test \u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u524d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002 \u771f\u6b63\u4f1a\u4f7f\u4f60\u60ca\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u628a npm \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u8005\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u811a\u672c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/a>8.Bumping package\u2019s version<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528 semver \u505a\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u7248\u672c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u4f60\u53d1\u5e03\u65b0\u5305\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u586b\u5199\u65b0\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6253\u5f00 package.json \u6587\u4ef6\u7136\u540e\u6539\u53d8\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u00a0npm version<\/code>\u00a0\u5e76\u9644\u5e26\u4e0a\u00a0major<\/code>\uff0cminor<\/code>\u00a0\u6216\u8005\u00a0path<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u4f60\u4ece\u672c\u535a\u6587\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4f60\u63ed\u793a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684 npm \u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\u539f\u56e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u65e5\u5e38\u76f8\u5173\u4e14...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,21,3],"tags":[10],"class_list":["post-63","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all","category-backend","category-tech","tag-npm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=63"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":424,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/63\/revisions\/424"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=63"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=63"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=63"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}