{"id":2019,"date":"2024-05-14T22:51:48","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T14:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/?p=2019"},"modified":"2024-05-14T22:52:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T14:52:55","slug":"typescript-han-shu-zhong-zai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/?p=2019","title":{"rendered":"TypeScript &#8211; \u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>TypeScript \u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728 TypeScript \u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u58f0\u660e\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u58f0\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b7e\u540d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b7e\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b7e\u540d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0cTypeScript \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u5e94\u7528\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">\/\/ \u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\nfunction makeDate(timestamp: number): Date;\nfunction makeDate(m: number, d: number, y: number): Date;\nfunction makeDate(mOrTimestamp: number, d?: number, y?: number): Date {\n    if (d !== undefined &amp;&amp; y !== undefined) {\n        return new Date(y, mOrTimestamp - 1, d);\n    } else {\n        return new Date(mOrTimestamp);\n    }\n}\nconst d1 = makeDate(12345678);\nconst d2 = makeDate(5, 5, 5);\n\/\/ const d3 = makeDate(1, 3);  \/\/ Error: No matching overload calls.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<code>makeDate<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a <code>number<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e09\u4e2a <code>number<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b7e\u540d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u9009\u7684 <code>number<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4e24\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 <code>number<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Date<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<br \/>\n\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u8be5\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u6216\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"%E6%9B%BF%E6%8D%A2%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u66ff\u6362\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n<p>\u5728 TypeScript \u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e JavaScript \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fdd\u7559\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4ec5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u90fd\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6cdb\u578b\u6216\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u6cdb\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u7b7e\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function identity&lt;T&gt;(arg: T): T {\n    return arg;\n}\n\nlet output1 = identity&lt;string&gt;(&quot;Hello World&quot;);  \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a string\nlet output2 = identity&lt;number&gt;(2048);           \/\/ \u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a number\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c<code>identity<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cdb\u578b\u53c2\u6570 <code>T<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function createPerson(name: string): Person;\nfunction createPerson(name: string, age: number): Person {\n  \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282...\n}\n\n\/\/ \u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\uff1a\n\ntype Person = {\n  name: string;\n  age?: number;\n};\n\nfunction createPerson(name: string, age?: number): Person {\n  \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282...\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a <code>Person<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u9700\u7684 <code>name<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c <code>age<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u3002<code>createPerson<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u73b0\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u9700\u7684 <code>name<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684 <code>age<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E6%96%AD%E8%A8%80\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u65ad\u8a00<\/h3>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u65ad\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u544a\u8bc9 TypeScript \u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function calculate(a: number, b: number): number;\nfunction calculate(a: string, b: string): string;\nfunction calculate(a: any, b: any): any {\n  \/\/ \u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282...\n}\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\nlet result = calculate(1, 2);  \/\/ \u65ad\u8a00\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a number \u7c7b\u578b\nlet result2 = calculate(&quot;hello&quot; as string, &quot;world&quot; as string);  \/\/ \u65ad\u8a00\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a string \u7c7b\u578b\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3><a id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AE%88%E5%8D%AB\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u5b88\u536b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7c7b\u578b\u5b88\u536b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function executeCommand(command: string | { type: string, payload: any }): void {\n  if (typeof command === &quot;string&quot;) {\n    \/\/ \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\n  } else {\n    \/\/ \u547d\u4ee4\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u578b\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5 <code>command<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e3a <code>string<\/code> \u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%98%E8%AE%A4%E5%80%BC\" class=\"anchor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"octicon octicon-link\"><\/span><\/a>\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/h3>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-typescript\">function combineValues(...values: any[]): any[] {\n  return values;\n}\n\n\/\/ \u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u591a\u4e2a\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\n\/\/ function combineValues(a: number, b: number): number[];\n\/\/ function combineValues(a: string, b: string, c: string): string[];\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6cdb\u578b\u3001\u8054\u5408\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u65ad\u8a00\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b88\u536b\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7f16\u5199\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TypeScript \u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u91cd\u8f7d\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4e0d&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,20,3],"tags":[33],"class_list":["post-2019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-all","category-frontend","category-tech","tag-typescript"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2020,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2019\/revisions\/2020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zhuxinyong.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}